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Causes of sudden cardiac arrest
Causes of sudden cardiac arrest: 1. Cardiovascular pathology Coronary artery disease (MC - 80% of all cases) Severe left ventricular dysfunction 2. Cardiomyopathy (10-15% of all cases) Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Arrhythmogenic…
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FDA approves novel drug for resistant hypertension based on PRECISION trial.
The USA FDA has approved Aprocitentan (Brand name TRYVIO) for the treatment of resistant hypertension in combination with other antihypertensive drugs. Dose: 12.5 mg 1OD PO. MOA: Dual endothelin receptor…
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FDA approves Nivolumab for resected stage IIB/C melanoma
The US FDA has approved nivolumab for the treatment of completely resected stage IIB/C melanoma for patients aged 12 years and older, expanding the melanoma indication for the programmed death…
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Ritlecitinib for severe alopecia areata by European Commission
The European Commission has approved ritlecitinib to treat adults and adolescents 12 years of age and older with severe alopecia areata. Ritlecitinib is a dual inhibitor of the TEC family…
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Elon Musk’s Neuralink to start human trial of brain implant for paralysis patients
Elon Musk's brain-chip startup Neuralink has received approval to begin recruitment for the first human trial of its brain implant for paralysis patients. Those with paralysis due to cervical spinal…
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FDA approves Talquetamab for multiple myeloma
The USA FDA approves Talquetamab, a first-in-class bispecific antibody targeting the GPRC5D receptor, for heavily pretreated adults with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Indication for usage: Patients must have received…
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Naltrexone is safe & beneficial in AUD with Cirrhosis
Naltrexone can be safely administered to patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and compensated cirrhosis to help them achieve abstinence and decrease craving, results of the first such randomized controlled…
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FDA approves Sotagliflozin for heart failure
Sotagliflozin, a novel agent that inhibits sodium-glucose co transporter SGLT 1 & SGLT2 both as a treatment for adults with heart failure with or without diabetes and for T1DM &…
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FDA approves Inj Buprenorphine for opioid use disorder
The US FDA has approved extended-release injection buprenorphine (Brixadi, Braeburn Inc) for the treatment of moderate to severe opioid use disorder (OUD). The medication comes in two formulations: a weekly…
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FDA expands Atogepant approval for chronic migraine
Atogepant is the first and only, oral calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonist approved for migraine. Dose: 60 mg dose 1 OD in chronic migraine. 30 mg and 60 mg…
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Global Strategy for Diagnosis, Management & Prevention of COPD 2023 Updates
The 2023 GOLD report contains numerous updates: Chapter 1 ► A new definition of COPD has been proposed (Page 5) ► A section on Chronic Bronchitis has been added (Page…
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FDA approves Dabrafenib with Trametinib for pediatric gliomas
The US FDA has approved dabrafenib with trametinib for children aged 1 year or older who need systemic treatment for low-grade gliomas that have a BRAF V600E mutation. Dabrafenib/trametinib is…
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FDA approves new drug for Hemophilia A
The US FDA has approved efanesoctocog alfa (Altuviiio), a first-in-class, high-sustained factor VIII replacement therapy for adults and children with hemophilia A. The product is used once a week and…
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FDA approves sacituzumab govitecan for HR+ metastatic breast CA
The US FDA approved a new indication for sacituzumab govitecan for patients with unresectable, locally advanced or metastatic hormone receptor (HR)-positive, HER2-negative breast cancer after endocrine-based therapy and at least…
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FDA approves Pirtobrutinib for R/R mantle cell lymphoma
The US FDA approved pirtobrutinib (Jaypirca) for relapsed or refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) after at least two lines of systemic therapy, including a Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor. Pirtobrutinib…
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Two classes of drug appear effective for gastroparesis treatment
Two classes of drugs may be more effective than others for the treatment of gastroparesis, though the overall quality of evidence remains low to moderate and additional data are needed,…
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FDA approves first in class drug for Follicular Lymphoma
The US FDA has approved mosunetuzumab-axgb (Lunsumio) for use in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma who have received at least two previous systemic therapies. This is a first-in-class…
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FDA approves a new drug for multi-drug resistant HIV-1
Lenacapavir is the first of a new class of drugs called capsid inhibitors to be FDA-approved for treating HIV-1. The drug blocks the HIV-1 virus protein shell and interferes with…
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Adagrasib approved for KRAS-Mutated NSCLC
The US FDA has approved Adagrasib (Krazati) for use in adults with KRAS G12C-mutated locally advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) that has progressed on at least one…
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ADA advises new BP, lipid targets for people with diabetes
New more aggressive targets for blood pressure and lipids are among the changes to the annual American Diabetes Association (ADA) Standards of Care in Diabetes 2023. The new definition of…
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Potential new biomarker for early stage Alzheimer disease
Investigators found that levels of formic acid, a metabolic product of formaldehyde found in urine, were significantly higher in individuals with Alzheimer disease including those with subjective cognitive decline, which…
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FDA approves first drug to delay type 1 diabetes onset
The US FDA has approved the anti-CD3 monoclonal antibody teplizumab-mzwv (Tzield, Provention Bio) to delay the onset of clinical type 1 diabetes in people aged 8 years and older who…
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FDA approves new Immunotherapy combination for mNSCLC
The US FDA has approved a new combination of immunotherapies for use together with platinum-based chemotherapy for the treatment of adults with metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) whose tumors…
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GFAP & NfL may be complementary biomarkers for MS
Neurofilament light chain (NfL) is a biomarker for both disease progression and treatment response in multiple sclerosis (MS), but the search continues for additional biomarkers to distinguish between disease activity…
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Vonoprazan is superior to PPI for erosive esophagitis
The oral potassium-competitive acid blocker vonoprazan was superior to the proton pump inhibitor lansoprazole for erosive esophagitis, according to results of the phase 3 PHALCON-EE trial. The 878 patients with…
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FDA approves SC furosemide preparation
The US FDA has approved a furosemide preparation (Furoscix, scPharmaceuticals) intended for subcutaneous self-administration by outpatients with CHF and volume overload. The product is used with a SmartDose On-Body Infuser…
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FDA approves Ibalizumab for HIV-1 treatment
Ibalizumab is a long-acting monoclonal antibody, was first approved by the FDA in 2018 for the treatment of adults with multidrug resistant HIV-1. It is used in combination with other…
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FDA approves Dupilumab for treatment of Prurigo Nodularis
The US FDA has approved dupilumab for treating adults with prurigo nodularis, the first treatment approved for this indication. MOA: Dupilumab (Dupixent), which inhibits the signaling of the interleukin 4…
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Tezepelumab approved for severe uncontrolled asthma
Tezepelumab is an epithelial cytokine, and is the first and only biologic approved in Europe by EC for severe asthma for adults and adolescents with inadequately controlled severe asthma with…
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(CAR) T-cell therapy treats SLE successfully
The five patients all of whom had an aggressive form of SLE underwent a single infusion of the experimental treatment. All five patients were able to stop their standard treatments…
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Use of Nirsevimab against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Infants
RSV is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract infections in infants. Worldwide, acute lower respiratory infections associated with RSV account for about 1.4 million hospitalizations & 27,300 in-hospital deaths…
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FDA approves Terlipressin injection for Hepatorenal Syndrome
The US FDA has approved terlipressin (Terlivaz), the first and only drug approved for patients with hepatorenal syndrome (HRS). HRS is characterized by a progressive deterioration in kidney function in…
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FDA approves daxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm injection for glabellar lines
The US FDA has approved daxibotulinumtoxinA-lanm injection (Daxxify) to temporarily improve the appearance of moderate to severe glabellar lines (frown lines) in adults. Action: It's an acetylcholine release inhibitor and…
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FDA approves first gene therapy for Beta-Thalassemia
The US FDA has approved the gene therapy betibeglogene autotemcel (Zynteglo) for adult and pediatric patients with beta-thalassemia who require regular red blood cell transfusions. Functional copies of the mutated…
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A novel Langya virus infects 35 people in eastern China
A novel zoonotic RNA Langya virus (LayV) is a henipavirus first detected in the China provinces of Shandong and Henan. The name of the virus refers to Mt. Langya. Symptoms:…
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Monkeypox : Signs, Symptoms & Treatment
Monkeypox is a zoonotic orthopoxvirus. Usual onset: 5–21 days post-exposure. Duration: 2 to 4 weeks. Route: Human-to-human transmission, exposure to infected body fluids or contaminated objects by small droplets through…
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FDA approves Crizotinib for Myofibroblastic Tumors
The US FDA approves crizotinib (Xalkori) for the treatment of unresectable, recurrent, or refractory inflammatory anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) in adults and children over 1 year of…
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Dabrafenib Trametinib approved for metastatic tumors with BRAF V600E mutation
The US FDA has approved dabrafenib + trametinib for adult and pediatric patients aged 6 years and older with unresectable or metastatic solid tumors with the BRAF V600E mutation whose…
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FDA approves Setmelanotide for obesity in Bardet-Biedl Syndrome
The US FDA has approved Setmelanotide, a melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) agonist, is the first FDA-approved therapy for BBS, a rare genetic disorder that impairs a hunger signal along the melanocortin-4…
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Massive breakthrough as rectal cancer disappears in every patient in drug trial
Patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and tumors with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR) have shown a remarkable response to treatment with the programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) inhibitor dostarlimab (Jemperli). So…
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IN.PACT 018 Drug-Coated Balloon approved for PAD
The US FDA has approved the IN.PACT 018 drug-coated balloon (DCB) for the treatment of peripheral arterial disease. The paclitaxel-coated balloon is indicated for percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of de novo,…
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First Line for Esophageal Cancer is now Immunotherapy
Immunotherapy with nivolumab (Opdivo) is now approved in the United States for first-line use in the treatment of unresectable advanced or metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The new approval…
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Rare monkeypox detected in UK: Check symptoms, treatment & other details
A patient was found to be infected with monkeypox virus in the United Kingdom, who traveled to the country from Nigeria. Monkeypox is caused by monkeypox virus, a member of…
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Saliva test for diagnosing endometriosis
The prospective ENDO-miRNA study included saliva samples obtained from women with chronic pelvic pain suggestive of endometriosis. Exploratory procedures were performed to look for lesions. All the patients underwent either…
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FDA approves new immunotherapy for metastatic melanoma
The FDA approved a combination nivolumab/relatlimab-rmbw immune checkpoint inhibitor (Opdualag) for unresectable or metastatic melanoma in adults and children 12 years or older. Dose: 480 mg nivolumab + 160 mg…
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FDA approves Anifrolumab as first new Lupus treatment in more than 10 years
Anifrolumab, an inhibitor of type 1 interferons, received approval from the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of adults with moderate to severe systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who are…
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First drug for cold agglutinin disease
The US FDA approves first drug for Cold Agglutinin Disease. Sutimlimab-jome (Brand name: ENJAYMO) is a classical complement inhibitor indicated to decrease the need for red blood cell (RBC) transfusion…
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First treatment for rare Uveal Melanoma
The drug is tebentafusp-tebn (Kimmtrak, from Immunocore Limited), which acts as a bispecific gp100 peptide-HLA-directed CD3 T-cell engager. It is the first of a novel class of T-cell receptor (TCR)…
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Vitamin D supplementation did not decrease the risk of cancer or CVD
Vitamin D supplementation did not appear to influence the incidence of cancer or major cardiovascular disease (CVD) events in older adults who largely already had adequate vitamin D levels, according…
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FDA approves Cabotegravir ER Injectable for HIV PrEP
The FDA issued approval for extended-release injectable cabotegravir (Apretude, CAB-LA) for use in at-risk adults and adolescents weighing at least 35 kilograms (77 pounds) for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to reduce…
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FDA approves Efgartigimod for Myasthenia Gravis
The US FDA has approved efgartigimod (Brand name: Vygart) a first-in-class, targeted therapy for adults with generalized myasthenia gravis (gMG) who test positive for the antiacetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody. Efgartigimod…
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Abrocitinib approved for Atopic Dermatitis in Europe
The oral Janus kinase 1 inhibitor abrocitinib has been approved in Europe for the treatment of moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) in adults, who are candidates for systemic therapy.…
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FDA approves PreHevbrio: The first 3-antigen HBV vaccine for adults
PreHevbrio : contains the S, pre-S2, and pre-S1 HBV surface antigens, and is the only approved 3-antigen HBV vaccine for adults in the U.S.A. INDICATIONS AND USAGE: PREHEVBRIO is indicated…
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New AKI risk score for PCI patients passes validation
A pair of updated scoring models for estimating a patient's risk for contrast-associated acute kidney injury during and immediately after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) worked better than a widely used…
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FDA expands Pembrolizumab approval for Advanced Melanoma
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved pembrolizumab (Keytruda) for the adjuvant treatment of stage IIB and IIC melanoma after complete resection in adults and children over age 12…
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Definitions for SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Interest & Variant of Concern
WHO has working definitions for SARS-CoV-2 Variant of Interest (VOI) and Variant of Concern (VOC). A SARS-CoV-2 VOI is a SARS-CoV-2 variant with genetic changes that are predicted or known…
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Omicron: A variant of concern
WHO designated the variant B.1.1.529 a variant of concern, named Omicron, on the advice of WHO’s Technical Advisory Group on Virus Evolution (TAG-VE). It is not yet clear whether Omicron…
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The case of the ‘Esperanza patient’ whose HIV infection vanished naturally
Researchers have reported that a woman living with HIV in Argentina is now the second person whose immune system rid itself of the virus. She was diagnosed with HIV-1 in…
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FDA approves Vosoritide for children with Achondroplasia
The US FDA has approved vosoritide (Voxzogo) daily injection for the treatment of children with achondroplasia. Indicated to increase linear growth in pediatric patients aged ≥5 years who have achondroplasia…
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FDA approves ropeginterferon for adults with polycythemia vera
The U.S. FDA approved Besremi (ropeginterferon alfa-2b-njft) injection to treat adults with polycythemia vera, a blood disease that causes the overproduction of red blood cells. The excess cells thicken the…
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FDA approves mobocertinib for NSCLC with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutations
The US FDA has granted an accelerated approval to mobocertinib for the treatment of patients with locally advanced or metastatic nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor…
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Novel diabetic foot ulcer cream shows promise in phase 3 trial
ON101 (Fespixon, Oneness Biotech), a first-in-class, macrophage-regulating, wound-healing cream for diabetic foot ulcers has shown benefit over absorbent dressings in a phase 3 trial, with another trial ongoing. The published…
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Subcutaneous Inj. vedolizumab appears to be effective maintenance therapy in IBD-UC
Subcutaneous vedolizumab appears to be an effective and safe maintenance therapy for some patients with moderate to severe active Crohn's disease, according to results of a phase-3 trial. Vedolizumab, the…
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FDA approves first vagus nerve stimulation system for stroke rehab
The US FDA has approved the Vivistim System (MicroTransponder), a first-of-its kind vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) system intended to treat moderate-to-severe upper extremity motor deficits associated with chronic ischemic stroke.…
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Dapagliflozin might reduce the risk for ventricular arrhythmias in HFrEF
The addition of dapagliflozin to standard therapy reduced the relative risk for the primary composite endpoint of any serious ventricular arrhythmia, resuscitated cardiac arrest, or sudden death by 21%. Dapagliflozin…
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FDA approves Brivaracetam for seizures in children as young as 1 Month
The approval covers all three brivaracetam (BRIVIACT) formulations (tablets, oral solution, and IV) and marks the first time the IV formulation will be available for children. Dosage: Dose for adults…
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FDA approves TAVR System in severe AS
The US Food and Drug Administration has approved Medtronic's Evolut FX system for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) in patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis at all risk levels. The…
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FDA approves new indication for Rivaroxaban in PAD
The US FDA has approved an expanded peripheral artery disease (PAD) indication for the direct oral anticoagulant rivaroxaban to include patients who have undergone recent lower-extremity revascularization due to symptomatic…
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Bimekizumab approved in Europe for Psoriasis treatment
Bimekizumab (Bimzelx), a humanized IgG1 monoclonal antibody, is the first approved treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis that selectively inhibits interleukin (IL)–17A and IL-17F. Dose: 320 mg, given in…
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FDA has expanded indication for the noninvasive Deep TMSTM
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has expanded indication for the noninvasive BrainsWay Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (Deep TMSTM) System to include treatment of comorbid anxiety symptoms in adult…
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Microscopic lung damage may continue in ‘Long COVID’
The persistent breathing issues that plague some COVID-19 survivors, known as 'long COVID,' may be due to microscopic processes that continue to damage lungs even after the acute infection is…
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A new monoclonal antibody named CIS43LS prevents malaria in new trial
A new monoclonal antibody discovered and developed at the National Institutes of Health safely prevented malaria for up to 9 months in people who were exposed to the malaria parasite.…
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Icotinib is the best adjuvant chemotherapy for EGFR-mutant NSCLC
Icotinib is a highly selective, first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) approved in China as first-line monotherapy in patients with NSCLC with somatic EGFR mutations. Following complete resection of EGFR-mutant…
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Physicians wearing white coats rated more experienced
Physicians wearing white coats were rated as significantly more experienced and professional than peers wearing casual attire. Regardless of their attire, however, female physicians were more likely to be judged…
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New guideline for replacement of ART: CAB/RPV LA not for everyone
Approved by the FDA in late January 2021, CAB/RPV LA (cabotegravir/rilpivirine) is considered an optimization strategy for individuals with HIV whose virus is suppressed by oral ART and who might…
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Restoring pulmonary endothelial cells reverses emphysema in mice
Correcting endothelial dysfunction in both human tissue and an elastase-induced murine model of emphysema shows promise in stopping and reversing the course of the disease, according to an international group…
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New investigational helmet device shrinks glioblastoma
A case report describes a novel helmet device that generates a noninvasive oscillating magnetic field and that shrunk a glioblastoma tumor by about a third. The patient had end-stage recurrent…
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Delta variant of COVID-19 as contagious as chickenpox
Internal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) documents support the high transmission rate of the delta variant and put the risk in easier to understand terms. The documents also…
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Lenvatinib plus Gefitinib therapy promising in liver cancer
In patients with advanced liver cancer who were unresponsive to lenvatinib, adding gefitinib (an EGFR inhibitor) led to a clinically meaningful response in a proof-of-concept study. 12 patients with advanced…
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Urinary thromboxane B2 may be marker of aggressive prostate cancer in black men
Upregulation of urinary thromboxane B2 may be a new marker of aggressive prostate cancer in African American men, a group that bears a disproportionately high burden of lethal prostate cancer.…
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Corneal changes may signal long COVID
Nerve fiber loss and an increase in dendritic or key immune cells on the cornea may help identify Long COVID, according to a small study published online today in the…
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Ficlatuzumab + chemo shows early promise in refractory AML
The combination of ficlatuzumab plus chemotherapy showed considerable early promise in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) in a small phase-1 study. Ficlatuzumab is an investigational, first-in-class monoclonal antibody that binds…
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FDA approves spinal cord stimulation for diabetic neuropathy pain
The Food and Drug Administration has approved the first high-frequency spinal cord stimulation (SCS) therapy for treating painful diabetic neuropathy (PDN). The approval is specific for the treatment of chronic…
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China’s first human infection case with Monkey B virus dies
A Beijing-based veterinarian who was confirmed as China's first human infection case with Monkey B virus (BV) has died. The 53-year-old male vet, who worked for an institution researching on…
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Three new drugs linked with ANCA-associated vasculitis
The overactive bladder treatment mirabegron (Myrbetriq) is one of three new drugs to be linked to cases of drug-associated antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (DA-AAV) according to pharmacovigilance data. The other…
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New drugs for migraine
Five recently approved acute migraine treatments were specifically noted: two small-molecule calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists — rimegepant and ubrogepant — along with the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib, the…
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Prasugrel better than Ticagrelor in ACS patients undergoing PCI
The ISAR-REACT 5 trial has demonstrated the superiority of prasugrel to ticagrelor for patients presenting with ACS. Ticagrelor and prasugrel are both potent inhibitors of the P2Y12 receptor, but their…
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FDA approves Finerenone for slowing CKD in T2DM
The FDA approved the anti-mineralocorticoid agent finerenone (Kerendia) for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes patients. The first non-steroidal, selective mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist was approved…
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Lenvatinib-Pembrolizumab combo promising in advanced kidney cancer
The combination of the multikinase inhibitor lenvatinib and the anti-PD-1 antibody pembrolizumab has "encouraging" antitumor activity and a manageable side effect profile and might be an option following immune-checkpoint inhibitor…
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Study shows tocilizumab and sarilumab reduce COVID-19 deaths
Treating critically ill COVID-19 patients with arthritis drugs tocilizumab and sarilumab significantly improves survival rates and reduces the amount of time patients need intensive care. The immunosuppressive drugs, Actemra, also…
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Insulin-Pramlintide combo improves type 1 diabetes control
A novel investigational coformulation of prandial insulin and pramlintide improves blood glucose control and reduces body weight in people with type 1 diabetes, early research suggests. The injectable product combines…
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Adalimumab safe and effective in children with UC
Adalimumab is effective and well-tolerated in children with moderate-to-severe ulcerative colitis (UC), with "clinically meaningful" rates of clinical remission and response, including steroid-free remission and mucosal healing, according to results…
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What’s best for diabetes after metformin? GRADE trial states
Liraglutide and insulin glargine outperformed glimepiride and sitagliptin as single add-on agents to metformin for treating patients with type 2 diabetes in a multicenter US trial that randomized just over…
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Hepatitis C antivirals may fight SARS-CoV-2
Sofosbuvir/ledipasvir and nitazoxanide both appeared to clear SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 in a preliminary trial, said Mohamed Medhat, lecturer in the department of gastroenterology and tropical medicine at…
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EC approves Cemiplimab for advanced or metastatic BCC after HHI therapy
The European Commission (EC) has approved cemiplimab (Libtayo) for the treatment of adults with locally advanced or metastatic basal cell carcinoma (BCC) who progressed on or could not tolerate treatment…
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FDA approves first oral anticoagulant for children
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved dabigatran etexilate (Pradaxa) oral pellets for the treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children aged 3 months to less than 12…
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FDA approves StrataGraft for deep skin burns
The US FDA has approved a novel regenerative therapy that could be an alternative to autografting for treating adults with severe burns. The new treatment, StrataGraft, is a bilayer tissue-engineered…
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‘COVID Toes’ Chilblain-like lesions not related to COVID-19
Chilblain-like lesions seen in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic are nonischemic and not related to systemic or localized SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggests a case series from Italy. These lesions "most likely…
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Saliva test to detect HPV-associated throat cancer
A novel saliva test has been shown to detect HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSSC) with high accuracy in a small study. If the results are validated in subsequent studies,…
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Noninvasive ventilation tied to higher mortality than CPAP in COVID-19 Pneumonia
Compared with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP), the use of non-invasive ventilation (NIV) to treat acute respiratory failure secondary to COVID-19 pneumonia is tied to higher mortality, according to a…
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